This slide gives an introduction to cryptographic hash functions. A one-way hash function takes variable-length input, in this case a message of any length, and produces a fixed-length output, for example 160 bits. The output hash value is also called the message digest or just digest. The hash function ensures that, if the information is changed in any way even by just one bit, an entirely different output value is produced. This feature is used in several cryptographic applications to ensure data integrity.

